{"id":3796,"date":"2026-05-12T10:58:31","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T02:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/?p=3796"},"modified":"2026-05-12T10:58:53","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T02:58:53","slug":"custom-spiral-spring-gasket-manufacturer-for-emi-sealing-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/custom-spiral-spring-gasket.html","title":{"rendered":"Custom Spiral Spring Gasket Manufacturer for EMI &amp; Sealing Solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Discover how custom spiral spring gaskets provide reliable EMI shielding and sealing performance in demanding industries. Learn about materials, designs, applications, and custom manufacturing solutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc18c\uac1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In modern industries such as aerospace, telecommunications, medical devices, automotive electronics, and semiconductor equipment, sealing reliability and electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection are critical to product performance. Traditional sealing solutions often struggle in harsh environments involving vibration, thermal cycling, vacuum conditions, moisture, or high-frequency electromagnetic exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc5ec\uae30\uc5d0\uc11c <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/rf-emi-shield-spiral-gasket-spiral-shield\/\">spiral spring gaskets<\/a><\/strong> offer a superior solution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A custom spiral spring gasket combines excellent elasticity, stable contact force, long service life, and reliable conductivity into a compact sealing component. These gaskets are widely used for EMI shielding, environmental sealing, grounding, and conductive contact applications where conventional elastomer seals or metal gaskets may fail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a professional custom spiral spring gasket manufacturer, HANDA provides engineered sealing and EMI solutions tailored to demanding industrial applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is a Spiral Spring Gasket?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>A spiral spring gasket is a metallic spring-based sealing component formed by continuously winding precision metal wire into a spiral structure. The spring geometry creates consistent radial or axial force, allowing the gasket to maintain stable contact pressure even under compression variation, vibration, or thermal expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"399\" height=\"278\" src=\"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/spiral002.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3799\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/spiral002.png 399w, https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/spiral002-300x209.png 300w, https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/spiral002-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 399px) 100vw, 399px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike ordinary flat gaskets, spiral spring gaskets provide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Continuous conductive contact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elastic recovery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Long-term mechanical stability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excellent EMI shielding performance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reliable sealing under dynamic conditions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>They are commonly manufactured using stainless steel, beryllium copper, Elgiloy\u00ae, MP35N, or other high-performance alloys depending on the application environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Spiral Spring Gaskets Work<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>The operating principle of a spiral spring gasket is based on controlled elastic deformation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When compressed between two mating surfaces, the spiral spring structure generates uniform contact force. This force creates:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mechanical sealing against dust, moisture, gas, or contaminants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conductive continuity for EMI shielding and grounding<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compensation for tolerance variation and thermal movement<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Because the spring continuously stores elastic energy, it maintains reliable contact even after repeated compression cycles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Advantages of Spiral Spring Gaskets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Excellent EMI Shielding Performance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/rf-emi-shield-spiral-gasket-quick-shield\/\">Spiral spring gaskets<\/a> are widely used in EMI\/RFI shielding applications because the metal-to-metal contact creates a low-resistance conductive path.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ud61c\ud0dd\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\uae30\ub2a5<\/th><th>\ud61c\ud0dd<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Continuous conductive contact<\/td><td>\ud5a5\uc0c1\ub41c \ucc28\ud3d0 \ud6a8\uacfc<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Stable spring force<\/td><td>\uc2e0\ud638 \ub204\ucd9c \uac10\uc18c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ub0ae\uc740 \uc811\ucd09 \uc800\ud56d<\/td><td>Better grounding performance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Multi-point contact structure<\/td><td>Enhanced high-frequency shielding<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>These characteristics make spiral spring gaskets ideal for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Shielded enclosures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Military electronics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RF communication systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Data centers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ud56d\uacf5\uc6b0\uc8fc \uc804\uc790 \uc81c\ud488<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Superior Elastic Recovery<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Compared with traditional metal gaskets, spiral spring gaskets provide excellent spring-back capability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This allows them to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Compensate for dimensional tolerances<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maintain sealing after thermal cycling<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Resist permanent deformation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improve long-term reliability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The elastic structure is especially valuable in applications involving vibration, shock, or repeated assembly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Wide Temperature Resistance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Custom spiral spring gaskets can operate in extreme environments depending on material selection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\uc7ac\ub8cc<\/th><th>Typical Temperature Range<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\uc2a4\ud14c\uc778\ub9ac\uc2a4 \uc2a4\ud2f8<\/td><td>-200\u00b0C to 650\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc5d8\uae38\ub85c\uc774\u00ae<\/td><td>High corrosion &amp; temperature resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc778\ucf54\ub12c\u00ae<\/td><td>Extreme heat applications<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ubca0\ub9b4\ub968 \uad6c\ub9ac<\/td><td>Excellent conductivity<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This makes them suitable for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Aerospace systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Semiconductor processing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vacuum equipment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cryogenic applications<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oil &amp; gas systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Long Service Life<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Because the spring geometry distributes stress evenly, spiral spring gaskets typically achieve longer operational life than conventional elastomer seals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Advantages include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reduced wear<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stable compression force<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High fatigue resistance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Minimal maintenance requirements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Custom Spiral Spring Gasket Manufacturing Process<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>A reliable spiral spring gasket manufacturer must maintain tight dimensional control and consistent spring performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The manufacturing process generally includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Wire Material Selection<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The correct alloy is selected based on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Conductivity requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub0b4\uc2dd\uc131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc628\ub3c4 \ubc94\uc704<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mechanical strength<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EMI shielding needs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Precision Coil Forming<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Advanced forming equipment creates precise spiral geometry with controlled pitch, diameter, and spring force.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Critical parameters include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uc640\uc774\uc5b4 \uc9c1\uacbd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Coil pitch<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc555\ucd95\ub825<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contact density<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc790\uc720 \ub192\uc774<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc5f4\ucc98\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Heat treatment improves:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Elastic recovery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fatigue resistance<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mechanical stability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Proper thermal processing is essential for high-performance applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Surface Plating Options<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Plating can improve conductivity and corrosion resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Common plating options include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gold plating<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Silver plating<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub2c8\ucf08 \ub3c4\uae08<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tin plating<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These coatings are especially important for EMI shielding and electrical grounding applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Applications of Spiral Spring Gaskets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Aerospace &amp; Defense<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Used in:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Avionics systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Radar equipment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shielded enclosures<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Satellite electronics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Their lightweight structure and reliable EMI shielding are highly valued in aerospace applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud1b5\uc2e0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Spiral spring gaskets help protect sensitive communication equipment from electromagnetic interference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Applications include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Base stations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RF \ubaa8\ub4c8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>5G infrastructure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Communication cabinets<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc758\ub8cc \uc7a5\ube44<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Medical devices require reliable sealing and electrical performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Typical uses include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Imaging systems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Surgical devices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diagnostic equipment<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ucc28\ud3d0\ud615 \uc804\uc790 \ud558\uc6b0\uc9d5<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ubc18\ub3c4\uccb4 \uc7a5\ube44<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Semiconductor manufacturing environments require:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ultra-clean sealing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vacuum compatibility<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Precision conductivity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thermal stability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Spiral spring gaskets are commonly used in wafer processing systems and vacuum chambers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Spiral Spring Gasket vs Traditional Gaskets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\uae30\ub2a5<\/th><th>Spiral Spring Gasket<\/th><th>Traditional Elastomer Gasket<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>EMI \ucc28\ud3d0<\/td><td>\uc6b0\uc218<\/td><td>\uc81c\ud55c\uc801<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc804\ub3c4\uc131<\/td><td>\ub192\uc74c<\/td><td>\ub0ae\uc74c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Elastic Recovery<\/td><td>\uc6b0\uc218<\/td><td>\ubcf4\ud1b5<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>High Temperature Resistance<\/td><td>\uc6b0\uc218<\/td><td>\uc81c\ud55c\uc801<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\ud53c\ub85c \uc800\ud56d<\/td><td>\ub192\uc74c<\/td><td>Lower<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc218\uba85<\/td><td>Long<\/td><td>\ub354 \uc9e7\uac8c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Factors to Consider When Choosing a Custom Spiral Spring Gasket Manufacturer<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Selecting the right manufacturer is critical for product reliability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Important considerations include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uc5d4\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc5b4\ub9c1 \uc9c0\uc6d0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>A qualified manufacturer should assist with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uadf8\ub8e8\ube0c \ub514\uc790\uc778<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Compression analysis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc7ac\ub8cc \uc120\ud0dd<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>EMI performance optimization<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Customization Capability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Every application has unique requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Look for suppliers offering:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Custom dimensions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Special materials<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\ub3c4\uae08 \uc635\uc158<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prototype development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Precision tolerances<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud488\uc9c8 \uad00\ub9ac<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Reliable manufacturers maintain strict quality systems including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\uce58\uc218 \uac80\uc0ac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spring force testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conductivity testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fatigue testing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uc790\uc7ac \ucd94\uc801\uc131<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Choose HANDA Spiral Spring Gaskets<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>HANDA specializes in custom spiral spring gasket manufacturing for high-performance sealing and EMI shielding applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\uc8fc\uc694 \uc774\uc810\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Custom engineering support<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Precision manufacturing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Multiple material options<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advanced plating capability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strict quality control<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fast prototype development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>OEM &amp; industrial solutions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Our spiral spring gaskets are widely used in aerospace, electronics, medical, semiconductor, and industrial systems worldwide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uacb0\ub860<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>As electronic systems become smaller, faster, and more sensitive to electromagnetic interference, the demand for reliable conductive sealing solutions continues to grow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Custom spiral spring gaskets provide an ideal combination of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EMI \ucc28\ud3d0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Elastic sealing<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\uae34 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \uc218\uba85<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High reliability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Extreme environment resistance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>By partnering with an experienced spiral spring gasket manufacturer like HANDA, engineers can achieve optimized sealing performance tailored to their exact application requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether for aerospace electronics, semiconductor equipment, communication systems, or industrial machinery, spiral spring gaskets remain one of the most effective solutions for advanced EMI and sealing challenges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/request-a-quote.html\">\uacac\uc801 \uc694\uccad\ud558\uae30<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Discover how custom spiral spring gaskets provide reliable EMI shielding and sealing performance in demanding industries. Learn about materials, designs, applications, and custom manufacturing solutions. Introduction In modern industries such as aerospace, telecommunications, medical devices, automotive electronics, and semiconductor equipment, sealing reliability and electromagnetic interference (EMI) protection are critical to product performance. Traditional sealing solutions [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3800,"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3796\/revisions\/3800"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.handashielding.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}